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Sub-topics
War and the City in the Ancient Ages
Technologies and Tactics in Siege Battles During the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
Battles in the Residential Areas and Their Effects on the City During Modern Industrial War Period
The Impact of Air Bombardments Over The Cities
Civil Wars, Revolutions and Urban Warfare
The Turkish Commission of Military History has the honour to host the The XLVIII International Congress on Military History in 2023, which coincides with the 100th Anniversary of the foundation of the Republic of Türkiye. The XLVIII congress of the ICMH will be organized by the Turkish Commission of Military History and the Turkish National Defense University in Istanbul.
The theme of the Congress will be “War and the City: The Effects of Armed Conflicts on Urban Space and Population. Warfare and its effects on the cities and the people have always changed throughout history. Although the change was quite slow, it became more visible and more rapid in the 19th century because the wars became more complex after that period. There is no doubt that technological developments played a key role in this change. William Lind examines the changing face of warfare in four generations. This periodization is important to understand not only the evolution of the warfare but also its effect on the people and the cities. The first generation refers to ancient battles based on basic military equipment and tactics. The wars generally affected soldiers, and their effects on the people and the cities were limited during that period. However, technological developments broadened the effects of warfare. With the second generation, which comes after some remarkable technologic developments such as breech-loading weapons and machine guns, the effect of the wars on the people and the cities started to be more visible. Another important development that increased the effect was compulsory military service. After military service became compulsory, the number and needs of the armies increased. Therefore, every part of society had become the main actor in the new order. The second generation continued until the Second World War (WWII). The third and fourth generations, which are called modern wars”, came with WWII. Air power gained importance in these periods and carried the war beyond the front line. The impact on civilians and cities increased tremendously. The people and the cities became military targets to neutralize the enemy by devastating morale and tactics. Another important feature of the modern wars” has been unconventional warfare, which has become another factor that increased the effect of the wars on the people and the cities. Terrorism and proxy wars led to never-ending wars with their never-ending effects. There is no distinction between the civilians and the soldiers anymore and everywhere started to be considered battlefields.
In close cooperation and continuous communication with the ICMH Presidency, ICMH Bibliography, Archives, and Education Committees, the Turkish National Defence University and the Turkish Commission of Military History will organize meetings of ICMH Boards and Committees, working sessions, workshops, and panels.
The congress sessions will be held in the conference halls of Turkish National Defense University and there will be transportation from the apartments to the congress venue anytime of the day. Participants can also reach the congress venue by a 10-minute walk.
Istanbul offers unique historical and cultural riches to its visitors. With her geography spreading over two continents, this one-of-a-kind city has hosted many civilizations and been the capital of empires. Istanbul has had a multicultural texture throughout its long history, reflecting its atmosphere melting the past and the future in a single pot.
The participants and accompanying persons of the Congress will experience the unique history, culture, and tastes of Istanbul through carefully planned tours and cruises. The Turkish Commission of Military History will provide participants with an opportunity to visit historical places such as the Hagia Sophia Mosque and Topkap Palace. The participants will also enjoy an evening boat trip along the famous Istanbul Strait, which divides and connects Europa and Asia continents, as well as receptions and an all-day cruise to Prince Islands. The details of the tours and cruises will be determined in the coming days.
Participants of the Congress can travel to Istanbul by plane or car. Istanbul has two international airports. Istanbul International Airport, which is located 45 kilometres from the city centre (Taksim) on the European side, has flight connections with many cities around the world. The participants can also fly to Istanbul International Sabiha Gökçen Airport, which is located 50 kilometres from the city centre (Taksim) on the Asian side of the city, has also flight connections with the major cities. Public transportation and shuttle services to the various neighbourhoods of the city are available at both airports.
There will also be a program for accompanying persons -details of which will follow- including tours to historical places and shopping venues of İstanbul, as well as the evening boat trip along Istanbul Strait and the all-day cruise to Prince Islands with the participants.
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